Vatican II :: social issues

Vatican II As I was interviewing my Grandmother, i learned just how strict and almost demanding growing up on a catholic family could be. My grandmother’s name is Margaret. She was born in 1940 and grew up in a very strong religious home. She attended a Catholic school as well as her other ten siblings. Besides going to a catholic school, her home life was also spent in strong prayers. During her late teen years, that was when the changes took place. Let’s get into detail. Vatican II was the 21st worldwide council recognized by the Roman Catholic Church, which she said became the symbol of the church's openness to the modern world. She acknowledged that the council was announced by Pope John XXIII on January 25, 1959, and held 178 meetings in the autumn of each of four successive years. The first gathering was on October 11, 1962, and the last on December 8, 1965. Of 2908 bishops and others eligible to attend, 2540 from all parts of the world participated in the opening meeting. She says that the U.S. commission of 241 members was second in size only to that of Italy. Asian and African bishops played a well-known role in the council's discussions. Only Communist nations were lightly represented, the result of government pressures. The average attendance at the meetings was 2200. Vatican II, as what Margaret has said from the above information, was a very large and important meeting in the Roman Catholic Church. Vatican II has altered the Roman Catholic Church more that any other council that took place. My grandfather, who I also interviewed, said that it has great significance as it made the church more reasonable and realistic. The Church, after the council, was much more â€Å"down-to-earth and open-mindedâ€Å" stated the two of them. One of Vatican II's changes that took place was that Mass became â€Å"vernacularâ€Å". She thought that this change was very important because it made her feel more at a personal level when mass was held seeing as though the priest was speaking her language. It made them feel more at home and increased their understanding and ability to respond. Another very major and important change that took place due to Vatican II was the relationship with the Church and the world. "The Church is a human Organization steered by the Holy Spirit and composed of the gifts and talents of its members.

Injury Prevention Essay

Abstract On this paper we will review the formation of injury prevention coalition in Lincoln state. We will look at the ideal size, effects and impacts, member recruiting process, expectations, advantages and disadvantages of decision making, evaluation, resource management, leadership and organization of Lincoln State Injury Coalition (LSIC). A coalition should be formed in Lincoln state to successfully tackle mortality rates attributed to injury, which is the fourth leading cause of death of Lincoln resident before age 65 (Turnock, 2009). The focus of LSIC should include primary functions like service delivery, planning and policy development, surveillance and assessment, and education and outreach in the community structures and program. LSIC should have a diverse group of participants with different skills set e.g. planning, project management, grant writing, decision making, communication etc; each member can contribute their particular expertise or resources to facilitate activities. LSIC can address community health hazard concerns while empowering or developing capacities. LSIC can also solve or improve the problem of high mortality rates attributed to injury by focusing on the risk groups and they can better coordinate services and improve working relationship among organizations. LSIC success is based on its members, recruiting the right member and their retention can make or break the coalition. Members also have to be active participants, communicate effectively amongst the group, mutually agree upon and recognized governance system, ability to recognize and deal with conflicts (Brownson, Baker & Novick, 1999). LSIC may also experience potential drawbacks like, a â€Å"slow, consensus-building process for decision making resulting in a weakened position on some issues and differences among the organizations that comprise the coalition may prevent it from taking strong stands on particular matters or moving as quickly as desired (http://www.cwru.edu, 1999). The LSIC and the State Health Department can further decrease mortality rates attributed to motor-vehicle  crashes in Lincoln by setting goals and measuring its long term effects in order to measure success. They should also set and regulate standards for motor vehicles and highways (Turnock, 2009). LSIC is operating on a $100,000 budget, since human labor is the most budget consuming we would have to work with a small group. We might also try recruiting volunteers and compliment them with small incentives. We could also have the health department fund staffing, if the resources are available, which would save the coalition money and in turn create more resources. The media, law enforcement agency, diverse religious organizations, healthcare professionals, substance abuse program organizations, volunteer groups, government agencies, and schools would be invited to the meeting. Recruiting members who have access to bringing in additional funds, individuals who share the same vision and want to institute change, individuals from various cultures and various social classes would also prove beneficial. Each member must have a defined role, rights and responsibility; these individuals or organizations must also be residents of Lincoln state. The members can represent organizations and individual leadership as long as each individual is assigned role and responsibility (http://www.wch.uhs.wisc.edu). Business organizations or individuals who try to promote their businesses for self gain would probably be avoided. Once the structure of the coalition has been established a committee or board advisory should be elected from the coalition members to take charge. A director or coordinator may also be hired to facilitate the process, this individual should have experience with grassroots community development and posses the ability to motive and inspire its members, demonstrate initiative and drive, possesses knowledge and enthusiasm, good communicator and good organizer. The Lincoln State Department of Public Health (LSDPH) would be encouraged to be involved due to their expertise and available resources (Brownson, Baker & Novick, 1999). Access to available resource either financial or informational proves vital, so LSDPH should also serve as coalition members. The involvement of the LSDPH may also make the coalition more attractive and credible thereby increasing interest of its members. Clearly stating each members role is crucial, a decision making body should be chosen and these members should make formal decisions relating to injury preventive intervention. Members of the coalition should voice their concerns and issues during meeting. The  decision body can then make decisions on mandatory safety seats for adults (passengers and drivers) and baby passengers and alcohol impairment. Once these decisions have been made the committees can then vote and pass their vote onto the LSDPH. The decision making process could be time consuming and potentially drawback the coalition’s success. Better decisions are made using this style of decision making process and therefore increase the morale of the group ultimately leading to success. The location of the coalition meeting should be easily accessible and close to the LSDPH which lies in the heart of the city. The coalition can be evaluated by using self assessment tools e.g. surveys, for its members. They can evaluate their leaders, committee members, staff, decision process and implementations. References Brownson, Ross C., Baker, Elizabeth A., Novick, Lloyd F. (1999) Community-based prevention: programs that work Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers. Turnock, Bernard J. (2009). Public Health: What It Is and How It Works. Public Heath Spotlight on Injury Prevention (pp. 401-411) Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. â€Å"ORGANIZING A COMMUNITY HEALTH ADVOCACY COALITION.† Oct. 1999. 9 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Coalition Building.† Wisconsin Clearinghouse for Prevention Resources. 9 Nov. 2012. .

We Must Reform Our Criminal Justice System Essay - 1903 Words

Hillary Clinton said, We can do better. We cannot ignore the inequalities that persist in our justice system that undermine our most deeply held values of fairness and equality. She was correct in her statement, we need to reform our criminal justice system due to it highly lacking in fairness and equality. 2.38 million Americans are in prison, with another five million on probation or parole. 1 in 31 adults in the United States are in jail, prison, or on probation or parole. (Ferner) The populations of our prison are increasing, while trust in law enforcers is declining, and if we want to solve the inequalities we must reform parts of our criminal justice system. We should reform our criminal justice system to fix the inequalities of mandatory sentences, bail, and we should create reentry programs to assist released inmates stay crime free. In the past years we have seen many riots and debates over the racism and inequalities in our criminal justice system. We have heard story after story, and watched video after video of police brutality and racism in America. We saw the unfair outcome of the Zimmerman and Treyvon Martin case. When George Zimmerman followed and fatally wounded Treyvon Martin, a seventeen year old African American boy who was walking around the neighborhood, just because he looked suspicious to him. In 2014, we saw the riots in Ferguson, Missouri after the fatal shooting of Michael Brown by a white police officer, sparking a debate over theShow MoreRelatedWe Must Reform Our Criminal Justice System Essay2372 Words   |  10 PagesHillary Clinton said, We can do better. We can not ignore the inequalities that persist in our justice system that undermine our most deeply held values of fairness and equality. She was correct in her statement, we need to reform our criminal justice system because it is highl y lacking in fairness and equality. 2.38 million Americans are in prison, with another five million on probation or parole. 1 in 31 adults in the United States are in jail, prison, or on probation or parole. (Ferner) TheRead MoreNational Prescription Drug Take Back Day1477 Words   |  6 PagesSaturday September 26, 2015 or so called National Prescription Drug Take Back Day is a small part of the up and coming criminal ­justice reform that the nation has been raving about. From the war on drugs, to the prison system; the president along with congressmen and woman have been discussing this so called â€Å"reform†. Take Back Day plays a small part in the want to dispose properly of leftover drugs which can be hazardous to the environment and not allowing unused medications to be distributedRead MoreThe Myth Of Police Reform1518 Words   |  7 Pagespolice reform, many agree that our country is long overdue for it, however, the questions are how exactly do we, as a nation, go about changing one of the most powerful structures to exist in the country. While some believe that reform must come from within the individually flawed police departments, others argue that the entire criminal justice system needs an overhaul. In this Response essay about Ta-Nehisti Coastes’ essay â€Å"The Myth of Police Reform,† Coates is saying, that the criminal-justice systemRead MoreDiversion Programmes And Access Of Mental Health Facilities1106 Words   |  5 Pagescorrect this situation, diversion programmes must be able to transfer mentally ill prisoners to mental health care facilities. These techniques allow individuals to be placed in an appropriate environment where treatment can be much more effective. (18) Although such techniques exist within Australian jurisdictions, they are only useful when there are practical alternatives offered. (18) Due to the limited facilities available, diversion techniques must be extremely effective at treating mental disordersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cycle Of Juvenile Justice1342 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CYCLE JUVENILE JUSTICE​ ​1 Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory Name School ​​ Professor Class Date Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory ​In the text, Thomas Bernard examines the cyclical nature of the juvenile justice system (Weisheit Culbertson, 2000, p. 13-31). The author posits that the implementation of juvenile justice is constantly swinging from one extreme to the other based, largely, on the public’s perceptionRead MoreEssay on The Mission of the Correctional System 1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe correctional system has three main goals: punish, protect the community and rehabilitate the offender. However, it is unclear how well the modern U.S correctional system achieves these goals and whether the money invested in the correctional system might be better spent. These are some of the points I will cover regarding what I think about the correctional system. Department of Corrections is an agency of the state that is responsible for the supervision and management of convicted felonsRead More2.3 Conclusion:. The Aim Of Criminal Law Is To Protect1463 Words   |  6 Pages2.3 Conclusion: The aim of criminal law is to protect the rights of the individuals and to safeguard the weak against the strong, law abiding against lawless and peaceful against violent. The state has prescribed certain rules of conduct, sanctions for their violations and machinery to enforce sanctions and procedure to protect that machinery. If men were angels no government would be necessary. Read More U.S. Criminal Justice System Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pages U.S. Criminal Justice System In order to keep a safe society, it is important to establish a nation with good education to teach people judging from right or wrong , excellent police force to keep our street safe, and most of all, a good criminal justice system to carry out the justice. United States is a place with little crimes, a nation with nice houses, beautiful beaches, and expensive shops without property just like what I seen in the American movies in my opinion before I arrivedRead MoreCrime in the United States1052 Words   |  5 Pagesthe entire world by far. For most of my life I have always believed that the American justice system worked. When people do wrong they need to be punished and pay for their crimes. That is what our justice system is here for so how could is possibly go wrong? Unfortunetly it is not as simple as it sounds and all it takes is a little research to discover why. Before researching the U.S. criminal justice system, I would never have considered the fact that the U.S. has the worst prison populationRead MoreA Report On The United States s Nationwide Prison Population748 Words   |  3 Pagesharsher punishments for non-violent crimes, resulting in more than  1.57 million  inmates being imprisoned in federal, state, and local prisons and jails at any given time. In addition, an estimated 12 million Americans cycle through the U.S judicial system for se ntences less than one year in length, raising the estimated overall imprisonment rate, at any given date, to 2.4 million. These inmates, in addition to those barred from voting due to past felony convictions, make up approximately 2.5 percent

Douglass s View Of Freedom And Literacy - 1507 Words

In his text Douglass’s strongly associates his ability to read and write as essential to his idea of freedom. Within the narrative we see freedom and literacy are intertwined, connected and Douglass views his literary capability to facilitate his autonomy. Alfred E Prettyman in his assessment of the Narrative comments that ‘the ability to write was essential to his self development, essential to his true freedom.’ (Pretty, 83.) Douglass’s move towards freedom parallels his progression to literacy. Mr. Auld denies his wife from teaching Douglass how to read. Douglass quotes Mr. Auld: ‘It would forever unfit him to be a slave. He would at once become unmanageable, and of no value to his master.’ (Douglass VI, p.39) Auld by denying Douglass linguistic autonomy and by claiming that gaining such autonomy would make him ‘unfit’ and ‘unmanageable’ means he can contain Douglass within the master discourse. The only claim Douglass can make is his ‘value’ to his master. By progressing in literacy Douglass poses a threat to his master because he becomes ‘unmanageable’ he learns to break free of the master narrative and claim an identity beyond that of his ‘value’ to the slave owner. When Douglass progresses in his literary ability he recalls: ‘I now understood what had been to me a most perplexing difficulty-to wit, the white man’s power to enslave the black man. It was a grand achievement, and I prized it highly. From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery toShow MoreRelatedReview Of Frederick Douglass s The Great Gatsby 880 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the works of Frederick Douglass there is a prominent contradiction referring to literacy. At times, Douglass regrets his education as it makes his slavery more difficult to tolerate. Additionally, his education opens them up to more abuse as Harriet Jacob asserts they were living in a culture of silence (Cutter 209). Thorough examination of Frederick Douglass’ writing reveals various paradoxes within his testimony regarding his literary education; while Douglass did benefit from his educationRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass941 Words   |  4 PagesIn his autobiography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Dou glass, Frederick Douglass describes in detail the hardships and unjust acts that were imposed upon African American slaves. In the narrative, Douglass communicates that reading and writing are the fundamental keys to obtaining freedom, understanding, and becoming self-aware. Most slaves were illiterate and had limited knowledge of the injustices that they faced. Douglass’ intelligence was significant due to the fact that he realizedRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1131 Words   |  5 PagesOlivia Parsons Professor Ashley Moreshead American History 2010 November 8, 2015 Frederick Douglass Essay The â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave† is a memoir that depicts the hardships and brutalities, Fredrick himself and other slaves suffered during the time of slavery in the 1800’s. Throughout Douglass’ narrative, he describes the common casualties of growing up, and the limited information he is provided with. This is a direct connection between the ignorance ofRead MoreEssay on Jonathan Kozol The Human Cost Of An Illiterate Society926 Words   |  4 Pagesresult of chronic illiteracy, and his entire essay is an advocacy for knowledge and literacy. Other authors such as Frederick Douglass and Richard Wright would use their personal experiences in completely different settings to highlight the power of knowledge. Douglass, a man born into slavery, and Wright, a man living through racial injustice, would present arguments in support of knowledge because it brings freedom and independence. However, they also believe that knowledge is just as much as a curseRead MoreThe And Still We Rise Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesAnd Still We Rise In the 17th century Africans were brought to American as cheaper labor to build the free world. In the irony of that, Africans were stripped of their homeland, families, culture, history, and freedom. They were deprived from rights, and sold as property to white men. They were beaten and treated as animals if they didn’t obey orders. African American worked countless hours in fields, building the foundation of America to what it is today. Yet, there’s only one month out of theRead MoreJacobs Douglass: An Insight Into The Experience of The American Slave1019 Words   |  5 Pagesforced compromise to live. Both narrators show slave narratives in the point of view of both men and women slaves that had to deal with physical, mental, and moral abuse during the times of slavery. (Lee 44) Violence was almost an everyday occupancy in the life of a slave, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs had to accept that from the start. In The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave Douglass portrayed his first and worst experience of violence, being stripped awayRead MoreA Wild Tongue And Frederick Douglass912 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone is different somehow, it should not degrade them, and that is what both Gloria Anzaldua in How to Tame a Wild Tongue and Frederick Douglass in Learning to Read explain in their texts. Even though Anzaldua promotes language identity while Douglass encourages an overall education, they both promote social justice and tolerance through the role of literacy. In her passage, Anzaldua claims that language is an identity. She stresses the importance of how people who speak Chicano Spanish are viewedRead MoreTitle: Frederick Douglass. Identity Is One Of The Most784 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Frederick Douglass Identity is one of the most powerful things that we have in our blood. We can have royal blood, white blood, black blood or indigenous blood. What does it matter? We all are human beings. The question is why are we still fighting about slavery, racism or discriminating about someone else’s status? Frederick Douglass shows us how white slaveholders perpetuated slavery by keeping their slaves ignorant. He wrote that they believed that blacks were inherently incapable of participatingRead MoreSlave Narrative : Literacy And The Trope Of The Talking Book2101 Words   |  9 PagesSlave Narrative: Literacy and the Trope of the Talking Book The literary form of the slave narrative grew out of the first-person, written accounts of individuals who had been enslaved in Britain, the United States and other areas. These narratives documented life under the yoke of slavery, detailing the hardships and abuses these people endured, but they also showed a resilience of spirit and determination as these individuals strove to attain freedom. There are similarities to be found in theseRead MoreThe Narrative Of Frederick Douglass1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe narrative begins with Douglass being oblivious to the identity of his father. This theme of Frederick Douglass being young and naà ¯ve is continued throughout the beginning. The idea of slaves being young and naà ¯ve is seen in almost all slave narratives. One of the ways slave owners kept slaves captive is through keeping the slaves ignorant. It is nearly impossible for a slave to escape slavery if they cannot read and write. Slave owners knew how impossible this was so th ey kept them ignorant,

Project Case Closure Of A Project - 947 Words

Project Case Study Closure John Huddle 09 August 2015 Project Case Study Introduction A project may close for various reasons like the achievement of its primary objective. From the beginning, the business should know its criteria for closure, the existing difference between the uncompleted and completed project as well as stopping a project from always dragging. The closure of a project consist of verification of the criteria for closing a project, project evaluation report verification as well as close out transition checklist of the project. This enables the managers to check out whether these documents have been compiled and archived into the files of the project well so as to retain the information needed for use in future undertakings. During the closure of a project, all the activities of the project are formally completed, and all the deliverables and the result are turned to the final consumer. The closure of the project begins soon after the clients accept the majority of the deliverables of the project. However, at times the project might be premature or unsuccessful. In all the above cases, the managers of the project and the team should obtain a closure before they move to the next assignment. Also, the stakeholders, clients, and the team will be concerned with the closure of the project as well as their immediate future. In such a case, the following situations are mostly common. †¢ Members of the team are always concerned about their nextShow MoreRelatedEssay on Case Study: A Systematic Approach to Project Termination’1000 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: A project well begun, is equivalent to getting half of it done. Similarly a project half terminated is equivalent to never getting it completed. It is never easy to gracefully terminate a project. Finishing a project is actually more difficult than starting a new one. The case study â€Å"A Systematic Approach to Project Termination† discusses that the issues relating to the termination of a project. The issues can be divided into two categories, intellectual and emotional. IntellectualRead MoreEssay on Maximum Megaherzt Case Study990 Words   |  4 Pages6th 2012 Case#4 Maximum Megahertz Project Maximum Megahertz Olaf Gundersen, CEO of Wireless Telecom Company, is facing a difficult situation. He accepted a project proposed by 6 of his cleverest Ramp;D specialist, The Maximum Megahertz project. This project is now behind. In order to get out of this â€Å"quandary† and avoid such issues in the future, Olaf Gundersen and his team should ask themselves these questions. How can they learn from their mistake? How to identify a risky project and put anRead MoreThe Importance of Performing Close Out Activities Before Closing the Project and the Business Risks Associated with Skipping These Activities823 Words   |  4 PagesThe importance of performing close out activities before closing the project and the business risks associated with skipping these activities John Constance MSc in Project Management, University of Liverpool Week 5 Discussion Question Abstract Most projects are initiated, planned, executed and monitored and controlled with the full cognizant of executives and clients. However, once the project has been considered an overall success, a part from preparing and conducting opening eventRead MoreCase Study616 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study | Quantum Telecom Questions 1. How do we eliminate politics from gate review meetings? Gate review meetings are a form of project close. Gate review meeting could result in the closure of a life-cycle or the closure of the entire project. At each gate, the continuation of the process is decided by the project manager or a steering committee. The decision is based on the information available at the time, including the  business case,  risk analysis, and availability of necessary resourcesRead MoreProject Closure and Oversight Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: | Project Closure and Oversight | Topic Objectives: | By the end of this tutorial you should be able: * To appreciate the importance of engaging in project reviews * To identify the major elements of a project review * To understand key issues surrounding project closure * To provide useful advice for conducting performance reviews of project members. * To develop an appreciation for the value of lessons learned * To provide a primer of retrospectiveRead MoreEssay on Project Life cycle1262 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Project management plays an important role in achieving a successful project as it manage the project according the schedule and budget. According to Schwalbe (2011), project life cycle defined as a collection of project phases, development, implementation and close-out. There are five important steps in developing project life cycle namely defining project goal, planning project, executing project, closing project and lastly, evaluating the project (refe r to Figure 1 in Appendix). Firstly, projectRead MoreSoftware Project Management Quiz Questions1182 Words   |  5 PagesIT 2123 - Pre-Quiz Chapters 3 4 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. 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After that on later stage we will give shape to these ideas within the specific time and budget. Project management is not a small task or job. It is a whole process of managing the thing into right ways. Project Management uses lots of tools to measure and check the completed task. On the base of that tools Project Management decide whether it is feasible to continue or replace the resourcesRead MoreThe For The Team And Request For An Additional Resource Whose Interest Aligns With The Departmental Goals1062 Words   |  5 Pagesallotted time for each project without using one project’s time on the other. 3. There was a conflict of interest. In this case, there was a dysfunctional conflict between the two mangers. Olds was at the center of the conflict. There was a silent infighting between Palmer and Crosby for sharing the resource - Olds. The stress level was high for Olds because he was dealing with two managers performing two different tasks. This was also extended to his home front. Palmer’s project deliverables were lagging

Globalization of Mcdonalds Free Essays

Contemporary World Culture Globalization of McDonalds Globalization has affected almost every aspect of life in most all countries around the world from economic to culture with the exchange of goods, services and ideas influencing cultural changes around the world. Food is an important element in defining culture and the globalization of McDonald’s is huge. Most people when they hear the name McDonald’s immediately think of America. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization of Mcdonalds or any similar topic only for you Order Now Equating McDonald’s with America is sensible since they opened their first restaurant in America back in 1953 and over the years directly influenced American culture in a tremendous way. From the days of a child’s first words McDonalds naturally comes off their lips as a place they want to eat. McDonald’s terms such as super size me have influenced teen culture by making its way into slang. McDonalds is the cool place to eat while at the same time driving our fast past give it to me now American culture. McDonald’s made it easy for Americans to get what they want fast and move on with life. McDonald’s has and still is a strong expression of American culture. When a McDonald’s opens in a new neighborhood in a different country, people think of Americanization of the local culture. In reality McDonald’s more times than not has conformed to the local culture, not the other way around. McDonald’s also alters its regional menus to conform to local taste. McDonalds is in the business of making money and has found it makes the most money by giving people what they want. Different countries and cultures around the world have different needs and wants thus becoming an expression of global culture bring a common thread to pull together different cultures from around the world into one global fast food culture. How to cite Globalization of Mcdonalds, Papers

Healthcare Reform in Canada for Dementia- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHealthcare Reform in Canada for Dementia. Answer: An understanding of the lived experience of caregivers of patients with dementia requires a psychological profile of the caregivers after a substantial amount of time has been spent caring for patients with a devastative terminal illness that is dementia. A conjunction of understanding; as it concerns the nature of dementia and its effects and imprints on the human condition as well as the parameters of knowledge that is required of the caregivers need to be examined to be effectively establish this discourse. It is important to understand that often Alzheimers disease is a pre-cursor to dementia and possibly is the causative factor in about 60- 70% of dementia cases; Dementia leads to loss of cognitive functions and deteriorates the ability of the individual to perform mundane and normative human tasks while the symptoms of memory loss continue to become worse over time (World Health Organization, 2015; Alzheimers Association, 2016). A definition of Lived experience for the purpose of this discourse can be termed as the day to day activities of nurses with their patients and how these interactions have indelible impacts on the lives for the nurses for the long run; and this is often explored using a phenomenological hermeneutic method (Fackler, Chambers Bourbonniere, 2015; Lindseth Norberg, 2004). The manner in which the current healthcare policies affecting the patient and also the caregivers and family must be prorated and amended because there are numerous shortcomings and this discourse will further explore these shortcomings The next step in this specific paradigm of Dementia and its effect on the Nurses and caregivers is to centralize the discussion from a broad spectrum or worldview and centre the discussion specifically around caregivers in North America and more specifically in Ontario, Canada. It has been reported in predictive fashion that the threat of dementia is imminent for the older section of t he population; the age standardized incidence of dementia in Canada has Running head: HEALTHCARE REFORM DEMENTIA been estimated at 21.8 per thousand for females and 19.1 per thousand for males (Raina et al, 2004, p. 50). This prediction that the prevalence of dementia in the Western world will only continue to thrive is very important because it means that resources must be allocated and the stressful effects of caring for patients must eliminated or addressed with efficacy. It is often difficult for patients with dementia to communicate in an effective manner whether through verbal means or non-verbal quirks and it can be difficult for the patients to understand the nurses as well (Soderlund, Cronqvist, Norberg, Ternestedt Hasebo, 2015). The effects of caregiving are that it is very psychologically taxing and it takes a toll on the mental state and possibly the overall elasticity of the mind as this is put in perspective in scholarly views; Objective aspects of dementia and/or patient-related variables are arguably not the only predictors of caregiver QOL, and the subjective experiences of caregivers could be strong predictive factors given that there is overwhelming evidence of negative psychological states associated with caregiving ( Takai, Takahashi, Iwamitsu, Oishi Miyoka, 2011). Deriving from the understanding of scholarship from varying sources cutting across the U.S., Canada and Japan is that effects of Dementia being the psychological effects associated with disease are more impactful on the health of the patient as well as the caregivers than any debilitating physical aspects that are resultant of ailment. The needs of patients with dementia are numerous and unending and therefore there is a need for patience and a resolve in dealing with such patients that is often draining and stressful for the nurses and as well the family of the patient. The provision of services and care to patients with this terminal illness may have a lasting impact on physical, emotional and psychological health of the caregiver; statistical information in form of survey shows that 35% out of a sample of 221 caregivers reported some Running head: HEALTHCARE REFORM DEMENTIA form of deterioration to their health as a direct result of caring for a patient with dementia and this was further accented if the caregiver was living in with the patient (Thompson Roger, 2013, p. 224). It is important to understand the pervasive nature of a carrier with an illness displacing their psychological turmoil and how this can begin to unspool and encroach on the mental elasticity of the caregivers and family members. Medical Implications of Dementia and field experience of caregivers The main medical implications of Dementia affect the ability of the patient to effectively remember simple tasks and the impairment of cognitive abilities as well as a distortive unde rstanding of the passing of time; while the primary responsibility of caregivers is being an agent of helping the patient to achieve independence and the highest levels of functionality as it regards the physical, intellectual and spiritual wellbeing of the patient (Hynninen, Saarnio Isola, 2014; Dimakopoulo, Sakka, Efthymiou Karydaki, 2015). An illnesses such as Alzheimers and dementia are very difficult and costly to treat because they are terminal in nature therefore the usage of drugs to treat such ailments are understandable. There are several side effects as it concerns these drugs and it is necessary to understand that there are usually residual effects that result from the use these drugs. The side effects of these drugs range from many physical symptoms (nausea, diarrhea, cardiac arrhythmia) to mental effects such as psychosis. These drugs can be used but it necessary to minimize the side effects of such medications and also understand that current treatments of diseases such Alzheimer is costly and it affects about 24 million people worldwide. Individuals suffering from such ailments often need the help with everyday life and many cases of Dementia are and outshoot of a person that was suffering from Alzheimers. There are numerous challenges that are faced by the individuals that help people with these illnesses . The Role of Reform and changing the narrative about mental illness Social Determinants play a role in the understanding of illnesses such as dementia and the manner in which a patient can be helped. Dementia and terminal illness is an excellent topic and case study for the manner in which treatments and advancement in bio-medicine; and the role that the government has in reviewing the laws about the usage of medicine and the impact on the medical support staff and health-care practitioners. These is the direction in which the healthcare reform should have specialized focus on individuals who need long term care because it is a sort of a silent epidemic. The focus of this particular discourse was to take a look at the needed reforms from the perspective of the patient and also the healthcare practitioners. The reason for this is that this allows for a broad understanding on the way in which healthcare and the needed reforms are conceptualized. Mental illness rates for adults in ages of 70 and 89 extend to dementia but increases with age as reflected by Alzheimer Society of Canada, 2010. It has been observed that older adults are likely to live to chronic illness with comorbidities with mental illness. Canada Health Act (CHA) aims at promoting, protecting and restoring mental as well as well-being for residents of Canada(Gill, 2009). This facility is devised such that its residents can have access to health services with or without barriers arising from financial or any other sources. CHA influences a number of health programs with definitive criterias being public administration, universality, comprehensiveness, accessibility and portability of such services. Catering to mental health and long term conditions includes involvement of allied health professionals within community settings. Such services often needs to extend beyond Canada Health Act for providing viable coverage in provinces. In cases of long-term conditions or dementia there is need for long-term residential care or home care, ambulatory services but such services are exempt from the program of the Canada Health Act(Cohen, 2007). Initial reforms in regards to such Act needs to be made such as to include all residential care, home care, ambulatory services. The Act needs to include all medical treatments that are deemed to be medically necessary such as to improvise and impact health of general population who are experiencing either of conditions or comorbidities. Canada health services is primarily functioned by Federal funding. But such funding is deemed to be reduced by $36 billion and to include 50-50 cost sharing to 18-82 percent cost sharing. Such reduced contribution from Federal government can act as a deterrent to provide support and health care treatments to citizens facing conditions related to Dementia, long term disabilities. The Federal government with downloading responsibility to provinces there are rising fears that lists of medically insured services will be affected(Sibley, 2011). There needs to be brought amendments into being such that medically insured people are able to avail services related to conditions as discussed above. As the country is faced with problems from rising ageing population such consideration will help the government and its individuals plan a better way. Though policies of Federal and provincial governments needed to include mental health policies and long term conditions for seniors, they have focused on children excluding seniors. Governments have rationalized that as major mental illness and long term conditions are faced in childhood ( approximately 70% cases) focus needs to be on them rather on seniors(Iwashyna, 2010). The society does not value those who are ageing and are faced with long-term conditions or dementia. Therefore, a major policy change in this regard will bring about fair and equitable distribution of funds as well as other resource allocation. Risks of social inequality has risen considerably due to accumulated disadvantage of such policy. Health reforms relative to equitable distribution of policy benefits needs to be extended to all. The policy with reduced focus on mental health and long term conditions has excluded a portion of a population along with lifespan(Rochon, 2008). This depicts lower interests of th e government to bring changes and reforms in this segment of healthcare. Various seniors in government offices are of the view that dementia or Alzheimers diseases are no mental illness. Therefore, for generating greater awareness there needs to understanding related to dementia and Alzheimers regarding the way they are viewed. Funding in fields of mental health was provided till the age of 65 and concerned with grey area of psychogeriatric. Split between views for dementia and long term conditions involved management as it included neurology, geriatrics. Further various mental health community has regarded dementia as an unimportant issue, there are also division in regards to mental health teams and senior teams(Witlox, 2010). For raising greater awareness and bringing about changes management teams and mental health teams needs to work in a coordinated and integrated manner. There needs to be integrated policy documents and service systems catering to dementia and long term condi tions. Long-term care analysis in Canada is misleading as the country has differential set of developmental history in each area territory or province. Long-term care reforms at a national level might pose to be a significant challenges as data gathering units themselves had been able to successfully collect data for limited number of provinces. Though Canada Institute for Health Information (CIHI) has aimed at standardization of information and health care facility pan-Canada. Health care reforms needs to aim at installation and upkeep of facilities catering to patients of dementia or long-term conditions on a national basis. Poor distribution of facilities and infrastructure amongst hindered functioning of such facilities for catering to increasing number of patients in the ageing population. Inequitable distribution of such facilities have led to comparing 5% residents under age of 65 can be compared to a grain of salt. Quebec has been omitted from various calculations and measurements that can depict its facilities being set up to cater to patients(Wahlbeck, 2011). The leading challenge that has deterred government or health care bodies in implementing reforms or setting up facilities or gathering data is lack of common language. There are a variety of language spoken across the country, which makes it difficult to apply similar norms or regulations or make any demonstrations. Heath care reforms needs to ascertain either English or French is spoken at facility centers. This will ensure steady communication amongst various professionals and also across departments. Health care systems across Canada needs to bring about changes in appropriation of costs paid for patients for long-term conditions or dementia. Costs that needs to paid by patient parties and government largely varies across various provinces and areas. In areas where there is provincial importance given to dementia or long term conditions patients health recorded are better and they get treatment. But in other provinces such cases are ignored grossly leading to differential access to health care facilities. Bibliography Cohen, S. J.-D. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. Jama, 1685-1687. Gill, S. S. (2009). 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